debian安装postgis
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@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
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nav: [
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{ text: '首页', link: '/' },
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{ text: 'PHP', link: '/php/' },
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{ text: '数据库', link: '/database/' },
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{ text: 'Docker', link: '/docker/' },
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{ text: 'Go', link: '/go/' },
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{ text: '前端', link: '/frontend/' },
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@ -23,6 +24,12 @@ export default defineConfig({
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],
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sidebar: [
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{ text: '前言', link: '/start' },
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{
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text: '数据库',
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items: [
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{ text: '编译安装Postgres和PostGIS', link: '/database/postgis' }
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]
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},
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{
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text: 'Docker',
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items: [
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3
docs/src/database/index.md
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3
docs/src/database/index.md
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# 数据库下关技术
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记录与数据及数据库相关的技术
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301
docs/src/database/postgis.md
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docs/src/database/postgis.md
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# 编译源码安装Postgresql和PostGIS（17.4和3.5.2）
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> wandoubaba / 2025-04-23
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## 介绍
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Postgresql简称Postgres或者PG，是开源免费的关系型数据库，各方面指标都可以平替Mysql，甚至可以替代商业数据库产品。
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PostGIS是PG的一个可以支持地理信息数据的扩展。
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目前笔者刚开始学习GIS领域的知识，需要用到GIS数据库，由于对PG比较了解，所以就自然选择了PostGIS。
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## 环境
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学习任何技术都要先从环境开始，本来Docker已经很流行了，在hub.docker.com上也有PostGIS的官方镜像，但是为了学习，我决定先从编译安装开始，下面我将记录整个过程。
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本指南的环境如下：
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|环境项|版本|
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|---|---|
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|操作系统|Debian 12 Arm64|
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|Postgres|17.4|
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|PostGIS|3.5.2|
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## 安装
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### 创建postgres用户和组
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```sh
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sudo groupadd postgres
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sudo useradd -g postgres -m postgres
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```
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### 安装依赖
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```sh
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sudo apt-get install -y \
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bzip2 \
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build-essential \
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git wget curl \
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libicu-dev \
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pkg-config \
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bison \
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flex \
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libreadline-dev \
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zlib1g-dev \
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libsystemd-dev \
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libxml2-utils
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```
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### 下载源码
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```sh
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curl -O https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v17.4/postgresql-17.4.tar.bz2
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curl -O https://postgis.net/stuff/postgis-3.5.2.tar.gz
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```
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### 编译安装Postgres
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#### 编译
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由于安装后我打算通过systemctl设置系统服务，所以加上`--with-systemd`参数
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```sh
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tar jxvf postgresql-17.4.tar.bz2
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cd postgresql-17.4
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./configure --with-systemd
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```
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#### 构建并安装
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```sh
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make all
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make install
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```
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#### 配置环境
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```sh
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echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile.d/postgres.sh
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echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH' >> /etc/profile.d/postgres.sh
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source /etc/profile.d/postgres.sh
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```
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这里可以验证一下
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```sh
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psql --version
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```
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应该可以看到结果
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```sh
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psql (PostgreSQL) 17.4
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```
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#### 初始化数据库
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```sh
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sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/pgsql/data
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sudo chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
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sudo su - postgres -c 'initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data'
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```
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最后一句执行后应该可以看到类似下面的结果
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```sh
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su: warning: cannot change directory to /home/postgres: No such file or directory
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The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
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This user must also own the server process.
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The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".
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The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
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The default text search configuration will be set to "english".
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Data page checksums are disabled.
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fixing permissions on existing directory /usr/local/pgsql/data ... ok
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creating subdirectories ... ok
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selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
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selecting default "max_connections" ... 100
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selecting default "shared_buffers" ... 128MB
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selecting default time zone ... Asia/Shanghai
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creating configuration files ... ok
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running bootstrap script ... ok
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performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
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syncing data to disk ... ok
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initdb: warning: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
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initdb: hint: You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or --auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
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Success. You can now start the database server using:
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pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -l logfile start
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```
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#### 首次启动postgres服务
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```sh
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sudo su - postgres -c 'pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -l /usr/local/pgsql/data/logfile start'
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```
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应该看到类似下面的消息
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```sh
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waiting for server to start.... done
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server started
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```
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#### 修改配置
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编辑`postgresql.conf`
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```ini
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# 监听IP地址设置为*表示允许其他主机连接
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listen_addresses = '*'
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# 端口号
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port = 5432
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```
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编辑`pg_hba.conf`，添加下面这一行表示信任来自本地局域网的连接（根据实际情况编写IP地址）
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```ini
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# IPv4 LAN connections:
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host all all 192.168.156.0/24 trust
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```
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#### 重启postgres服务
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```sh
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sudo su - postgres -c 'pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -l /usr/local/pgsql/data/logfile restart'
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```
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#### 配置systemd服务
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这个时候通过数据库客户端试着连接这个数据库服务，使用用户名`postgres`，密码空，默认数据库`postgres`，端口号`5432`，应该可以连接成功。
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接下来我们配置一下`systemd`系统服务：
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```sh
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vim /etc/systemd/system/postgres.service
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```
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编辑如下内容
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```ini
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[Unit]
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Description=PostgreSQL database server
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Documentation=man:postgres(1)
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After=network-online.target
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Wants=network-online.target
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[Service]
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Type=notify
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User=postgres
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ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
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ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
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KillMode=mixed
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KillSignal=SIGINT
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TimeoutSec=infinity
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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然后让服务生效并实现开机自启
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```sh
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sudo su - postgres -c 'pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -l /usr/local/pgsql/data/logfile stop'
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl enable postgres
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sudo systemctl start postgres
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```
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完成上面的操作，postgres服务已经安装完成，重启系统试一下，postgres服务应该可以开机自启。
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### 编译安装PostGIS扩展
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#### 安装依赖
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```sh
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apt-get install -y \
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libxml2-dev \
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libgeos-dev \
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libproj-dev \
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libprotobuf-c-dev \
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protobuf-c-compiler \
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libgdal-dev
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```
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#### 编译
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```sh
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tar zxvf postgis-3.5.2.tar.gz
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cd postgis-3.5.2
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./configure \
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--prefix=/usr/local/pgsql \
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--with-pgconfig=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_config \
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--with-geosconfig=/usr/bin/geos-config \
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--with-proj \
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--with-gdalconfig=/usr/bin/gdal-config \
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--with-json-c
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```
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#### 构建并安装
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```sh
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make
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make install
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```
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#### 创建数据库并启用PostGIS扩展
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```sh
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sudo su - postgres -c 'createdb postgis_template'
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sudo su - postgres -c 'psql postgis_template -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis;"'
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sudo su - postgres -c 'psql postgis_template -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis_raster;"'
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sudo su - postgres -c 'psql postgis_template -c "CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;"
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```
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### 验证Postgres和PostGIS
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```sh
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sudo su - postgres -c 'psql -d postgis_template -c "SELECT postgis_full_version();"'
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```
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应该可以看到类似下面的结果
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```sh
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POSTGIS="3.5.2 dea6d0a" [EXTENSION] PGSQL="170" GEOS="3.11.1-CAPI-1.17.1" PROJ="9.1.1 NETWORK_ENABLED=OFF URL_ENDPOINT=https://cdn.proj.org USER_WRITABLE_DIRECTORY=/tmp/proj DATABASE_PATH=/usr/share/proj/pro
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j.db" (compiled against PROJ 9.1.1) GDAL="GDAL 3.6.2, released 2023/01/02" LIBXML="2.9.14" LIBJSON="0.16" LIBPROTOBUF="1.4.1" WAGYU="0.5.0 (Internal)" TOPOLOGY RASTER
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(1 row)
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```
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再试着进入psql命令行：
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```sh
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sudo su - postgres -c 'psql -d postgis_template;'
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```
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在psql命令行中执行下面的SQL：
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```sh
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SELECT ST_AsText(ST_GeomFromText('POINT(1 1)'));
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```
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应该能看到下面的结果
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```sh
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st_astext
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------------
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POINT(1 1)
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(1 row)
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```
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用`exit`命令可以退出psql命令行
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## 完成
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以上过程是本人边操作边记录的，结束后又在新的虚拟机上重现了一遍，所以可以保证成功。
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