394 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
394 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
# 编译安装PHP8.2
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> wandoubaba / 2023-07-21
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以Debian11操作系统为例。
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本文目标：在纯净的操作系统上安装PHP8.2环境，同时安装composer和pecl，并通过pecl安装一些常用的扩展，最终实现在环境中运行基于Workerman和Swoole框架的项目。
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## 安装依赖
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```sh
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sudo apt-get install -y \
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wget make gcc curl \
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libxml2 libxml2-dev \
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libsqlite3-dev \
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libwebp-dev libonig-dev \
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libsodium-dev pkg-config \
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libssl-dev openssl \
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libgd-dev build-essential \
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zlib1g-dev libpcre3-dev \
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lsb-release autoconf \
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libzip-dev unzip
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```
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安装`libcurl`
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```sh
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wget https://curl.se/download/curl-8.2.0.tar.gz
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tar zxvf curl-8.2.0.tar.gz
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cd curl-8.2.0
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./configure --with-openssl
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make
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make install
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```
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## 创建安装目录
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为了让多个版本的PHP可以共存，我们不准备把PHP安装到默认目录内，而是为每个版本设置一个目录。
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```sh
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mkdir -p /www/server/php/82/etc
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```
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## 创建www用户和组
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查看www用户是否存在
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```sh
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id www
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```
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创建www分组和www用户，并且不允许登录系统
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```sh
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groupadd www
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useradd -g www -s /sbin/nologin www
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```
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再查看www用户
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```sh
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id www
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```
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为www用户创建home目录，composer会用到。
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```sh
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mkdir /home/www
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chown www:www -R /home/www
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usermod -d /home/www www
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```
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## 下载PHP
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```sh
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wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.2.8.tar.gz
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```
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## 解压&编译&安装
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```sh
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tar zxvf php-8.2.8.tar.gz
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cd php-8.2.8
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./configure \
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--prefix=/www/server/php/82 \
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--with-config-file-path=/www/server/php/82/etc \
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--enable-fpm \
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--with-fpm-user=www \
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--with-fpm-group=www \
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--enable-mysqlnd \
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--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
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--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
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--with-freetype \
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--with-jpeg \
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--with-zlib \
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--enable-xml \
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--disable-rpath \
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--enable-bcmath \
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--enable-shmop \
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--enable-sysvsem \
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--with-curl \
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--enable-mbregex \
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--enable-mbstring \
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--enable-intl \
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--enable-ftp \
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--enable-gd \
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--with-openssl \
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--with-mhash \
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--enable-pcntl \
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--enable-sockets \
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--enable-soap \
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--with-gettext \
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--disable-fileinfo \
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--enable-opcache \
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--with-sodium=/usr/local/libsodium \
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--with-webp
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make
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sudo make install
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```
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## 创建全局命令
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```sh
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ln -s /www/server/php/82/bin/php /usr/local/bin/php
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ln -s /www/server/php/82/bin/phpize /usr/local/bin/phpize
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```
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## 创建php.ini
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在PHP的源码目录下有`php.ini-development`和`php.ini-production`两个文件，分别表示“开发环境配置”和“生产环境配置”，这里我们直接使用生产环境的。
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```sh
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cp php.ini-production /www/server/php/82/etc/php.ini
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```
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## 安装composer
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```sh
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cd /www/server/php/82/bin
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php -r "copy('https://install.phpcomposer.com/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
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php composer-setup.php
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ln -s /www/server/php/82/bin/composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
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composer selfupdate
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composer --version
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```
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把composer源改成国内镜像
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```sh
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composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/
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```
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## 安装pecl
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pecl是可以方便为PHP安装扩展的工具。
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```sh
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cd /www/server/php/82/bin
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wget http://pear.php.net/go-pear.phar
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php go-pear.phar
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ln -s /www/server/php/82/bin/pecl /usr/local/bin/pecl
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```
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## 安装扩展
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- event扩展
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event扩展可以使基于Workerman的项目发挥更高的性能。
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注意提示：Include libevent OpenSSL support [yes] : 时输入no回车，其它直接敲回车就行。
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```sh
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apt-get install libevent-dev -y
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pecl install event
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```
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安装成功后，命令行会提示编译后的库文件所在的位置，如`/www/server/php/82/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20220829/event.so`。
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在`php.ini`文件的最后添加下面的内容：
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```ini
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[event]
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extension="/www/server/php/82/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20220829/event.so"
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```
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再执行`php -m`命令后会看到`event`扩展出现在了已安装的扩展列表中，说明扩展安装成功。
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- zip扩展
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```sh
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pecl install zip
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```
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在`php.ini`文件的最后添加：
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```ini
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[zip]
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extension="/www/server/php/82/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20220829/zip.so"
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```
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- redis扩展
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```sh
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pecl install redis
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```
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在`php.ini`文件的最后添加：
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```ini
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[redis]
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extension="/www/server/php/82/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20220829/redis.so"
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```
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- swoole扩展
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```sh
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pecl install swoole
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```
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在`php.ini`文件的最后添加：
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```ini
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[swoole]
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extension="/www/server/php/82/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20220829/swoole.so"
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```
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- protobuf扩展
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如果项目中需要使用到gRPC服务端或客户端，就要安装protobuf扩展
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```sh
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pecl install protobuf
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```
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在`php.ini`文件的最后添加：
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```ini
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[protobuf]
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extension="/www/server/php/82/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20220829/protobuf.so"
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```
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- xlswriter扩展
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如果项目中需要读或写excel文件，可以尝试一下这个扩展，它的最大特点的就解析速度，无论读还是写（但是并不具备phpoffice/phpspreadsheet的所有功能）。
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```sh
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pecl install xlswriter
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```
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在`php.ini`文件的最后添加：
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```ini
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[xlswriter]
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extension="/www/server/php/82/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20220829/xlswriter.so"
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```
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- pdo_pgsql扩展
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如果项目中需要使用postgresql数据库，就需要安装这个扩展。
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先安装pg数据库的驱动库libpg：
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```sh
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sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list'
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wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get -y install libpq-dev
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```
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然后进入PHP源代码目录中的`ext/pdo_pgsql`目录下
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```sh
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## 注意要把下面的path/to换成实际路径
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cd path/to/php-8.2.8/ext/pdo_pgsql
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phpize
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./configure --with-php-config=/www/server/php/82/bin/php-config
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make
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make install
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```
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在`php.ini`文件的最后添加：
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```ini
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[pdo_pgsql]
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extension="/www/server/php/82/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20220829/pdo_pgsql.so"
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```
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- fileinfo扩展
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fileinfo通过在文件的给定位置查找特定的魔术字节序列,来获取文件的MIME信息。laravel框架依赖这个扩展。
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进入PHP源代码目录中的`ext/fileinfo`目录下
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```sh
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## 注意要把下面的path/to换成实际路径
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cd path/to/php-8.2.8/ext/fileinfo
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phpize
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./configure --with-php-config=/www/server/php/82/bin/php-config
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make
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make install
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```
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在`php.ini`文件的最后添加：
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```ini
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[fileinfo]
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extension="/www/server/php/82/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20220829/fileinfo.so"
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```
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## 测试
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独立的php-cli环境已经安装完成了，下面我们可以用简单的HTTP服务框架`webman`测试一下。
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```sh
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mkdir /www/wwwroot
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cd /www/wwwroot
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composer create-project workerman/webman
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cd webman
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php start.php start
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```
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一切顺利的话，应该可以在命令行中看到已经启动了名为`webman`的服务进程，默认监听端口`8787`
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```sh
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Workerman[start.php] start in DEBUG mode
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------------------------------------------- WORKERMAN -------------------------------------------
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Workerman version:4.1.11 PHP version:8.2.8 Event-Loop:\Workerman\Events\Event
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-------------------------------------------- WORKERS --------------------------------------------
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proto user worker listen processes status
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tcp root webman http://0.0.0.0:8787 16 [OK]
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tcp root monitor none 1 [OK]
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Press Ctrl+C to stop. Start success.
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```
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这个时候使用浏览器访问`http://ip:8787`就可以看到webman框架的欢迎页了。
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## 启用php-fpm
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为了与nginx整合以支持类似laravel或tp这样的fpm框架，我们还需要启动php-fpm服务。
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```sh
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ln -s /www/server/php/82/sbin/php-fpm /usr/local/bin/php-fpm
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cd /www/server/php/82/etc/php-fpm.d
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cp www.conf.default www.conf
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php-fpm
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```
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要实现多版本PHP环境共存，主要是解决不同版本的php-fpm服务监听端口冲突的问题，我们可以做个约定规则，就是让各个版本的php-fpm都监听`90xx`端口，比如我们现在安装的是8.2版本，那就让它的php-fpm监听`9082`端口。
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修改`www.conf`文件，找到`listen = 127.0.0.1:9000`一行，把它改为`listen = 127.0.0.1:9082`，保存退出即可。
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下面要把php-fpm注册为系统服务。
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```sh
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touch /etc/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
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vim /etc/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
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```
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文件内容：
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```ini
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[Unit]
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Description=The PHP 8.2 FastCGI Process Manager
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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Type=simple
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PIDFile=/run/php-fpm.pid
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ExecStart=/www/server/php/82/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /www/server/php/82/etc/php-fpm.conf
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ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 MAINPID
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ExecStop=/bin/kill −SIGINT MAINPID
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Restart=always
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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保存退出后执行下面的命令：
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```sh
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
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```
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服务控制命令：
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```sh
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sudo systemctl start php-fpm
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sudo systemctl restart php-fpm
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sudo systemctl stop php-fpm
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sudo systemctl reload php-fpm
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sudo systemctl status php-fpm
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``` |